{"id":11909,"date":"2025-02-23T21:15:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T21:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ma3alim.com\/?p=11909"},"modified":"2025-02-23T21:15:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T21:15:14","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b1%d8%ae-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/?p=11909","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1923 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1924 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 12 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1928 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1929 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1931<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1933 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1935 \u062d\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1936 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1939 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1942 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1959\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1969\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974\u060c \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 4 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1404 \u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 4 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 1984 \u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u201c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u00a0\u00a0(15)\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c\u00a0\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u00a0(9)\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u201c<\/strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0629 1373 \u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 1953 \u0645<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u201c<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0633\u0646\u0629 1419 \u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 1999 \u0645<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u00a0\u201c<\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f.\u00a0\u0648 \u0642\u062f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u0633\u0646\u0629 1421 \u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 2001 \u0645<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

     <\/strong>\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0647 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629)<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u0633\u062a\u0629 (6) \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u201c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (3)\u00a0\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u201c<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629\u201d \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u201c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u201c<\/strong>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (3) \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. \u201c<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1318 \u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1901 \u0645.  \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1920 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41,29],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-11909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-41","category-29","tag-47"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11909\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chamal360.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}